DoubleMarginLoss

class DoubleMarginLoss(*, positive_margin=None, negative_margin=None, offset=None, positive_negative_balance=0.5, margin_activation='relu', reduction='mean')[source]

Bases: PointwiseLoss

A limit-based scoring loss, with separate margins for positive and negative elements from [sun2018].

Despite its similarity to the margin-based loss, this loss is quite different to it, since it uses absolute margins for positive/negative scores, rather than comparing the difference. Hence, it has a natural decision boundary (somewhere between the positive and negative margin), while still resulting in sparse losses with no gradients for sufficiently correct examples.

\[L(k, \bar{k}) = g(\bar{\lambda} + \bar{k}) + h(\lambda - k)\]

Where \(k\) is positive scores, \(\bar{k}\) is negative scores, \(\lambda\) is the positive margin, \(\bar{\lambda}\) is the negative margin, and \(g\) is an activation function, like the ReLU or softmax.

Initialize the double margin loss.

Note

There are multiple variants to set the pair of margins. A full documentation is provided in DoubleMarginLoss.resolve_margins().

Parameters:
  • positive_margin (Optional[float]) – The (absolute) margin for the positive scores. Should be larger than the negative one.

  • negative_margin (Optional[float]) – The (absolute) margin for the negative scores. Should be smaller than the positive one.

  • offset (Optional[float]) – The offset between positive and negative margin. Must be non-negative.

  • positive_negative_balance (float) – The balance between positive and negative term. Must be in (0, 1).

  • margin_activation (Union[str, Module, None]) – A margin activation. Defaults to 'relu', i.e. \(h(\Delta) = max(0, \Delta + \lambda)\), which is the default “margin loss”. Using 'softplus' leads to a “soft-margin” formulation as discussed in https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.07737.

  • reduction (str) – The name of the reduction operation to aggregate the individual loss values from a batch to a scalar loss value. From {‘mean’, ‘sum’}.

Raises:

ValueError – If the positive/negative balance is not within the right range

Attributes Summary

hpo_default

The default strategy for optimizing the loss's hyper-parameters

Methods Summary

forward(predictions, labels)

Compute the double margin loss.

process_lcwa_scores(predictions, labels[, ...])

Process scores from LCWA training loop.

process_slcwa_scores(positive_scores, ...[, ...])

Process scores from sLCWA training loop.

resolve_margin(positive_margin, ...)

Resolve margins from multiple methods how to specify them.

Attributes Documentation

hpo_default: ClassVar[Mapping[str, Any]] = {'margin_activation': {'choices': {'hard', 'relu', 'soft', 'softplus'}, 'type': 'categorical'}, 'offset': {'high': 1, 'low': 0, 'type': <class 'float'>}, 'positive_margin': {'high': 1, 'low': -1, 'type': <class 'float'>}, 'positive_negative_balance': {'high': 0.999, 'low': 0.001, 'type': <class 'float'>}}

The default strategy for optimizing the loss’s hyper-parameters

Methods Documentation

forward(predictions, labels)[source]

Compute the double margin loss.

The scores have to be in broadcastable shape.

Parameters:
  • predictions (FloatTensor) – The predicted scores.

  • labels (FloatTensor) – The labels.

Return type:

FloatTensor

Returns:

A scalar loss term.

process_lcwa_scores(predictions, labels, label_smoothing=None, num_entities=None)[source]

Process scores from LCWA training loop.

Parameters:
  • predictions (FloatTensor) – shape: (batch_size, num_entities) The scores.

  • labels (FloatTensor) – shape: (batch_size, num_entities) The labels.

  • label_smoothing (Optional[float]) – An optional label smoothing parameter.

  • num_entities (Optional[int]) – The number of entities (required for label-smoothing).

Return type:

FloatTensor

Returns:

A scalar loss value.

process_slcwa_scores(positive_scores, negative_scores, label_smoothing=None, batch_filter=None, num_entities=None)[source]

Process scores from sLCWA training loop.

Parameters:
  • positive_scores (FloatTensor) – shape: (batch_size, 1) The scores for positive triples.

  • negative_scores (FloatTensor) – shape: (batch_size, num_neg_per_pos) or (num_unfiltered_negatives,) The scores for the negative triples, either in dense 2D shape, or in case they are already filtered, in sparse shape. If they are given in sparse shape, batch_filter needs to be provided, too.

  • label_smoothing (Optional[float]) – An optional label smoothing parameter.

  • batch_filter (Optional[BoolTensor]) – shape: (batch_size, num_neg_per_pos) An optional filter of negative scores which were kept. Given if and only if negative_scores have been pre-filtered.

  • num_entities (Optional[int]) – The number of entities. Only required if label smoothing is enabled.

Return type:

FloatTensor

Returns:

A scalar loss term.

static resolve_margin(positive_margin, negative_margin, offset)[source]

Resolve margins from multiple methods how to specify them.

The method supports three combinations:

  • positive_margin & negative_margin.

    This returns the values as-is.

  • negative_margin & offset

    This sets positive_margin = negative_margin + offset

  • positive_margin & offset

    This sets negative_margin = positive_margin - offset

Note

Notice that this method does not apply a precedence between the three methods, but requires the remaining parameter to be None. This is done to fail fast on ambiguous input rather than delay a failure to a later point in time where it might be harder to find its cause.

Parameters:
  • positive_margin (Optional[float]) – The (absolute) margin for the positive scores. Should be larger than the negative one.

  • negative_margin (Optional[float]) – The (absolute) margin for the negative scores. Should be smaller than the positive one.

  • offset (Optional[float]) – The offset between positive and negative margin. Must be non-negative.

Return type:

Tuple[float, float]

Returns:

A pair of the positive and negative margin. Guaranteed to fulfil positive_margin >= negative_margin.

Raises:

ValueError – In case of an invalid combination.